With the approaching change of season, the nation is anxious for respite from the record-breaking temperatures of recent months. Higher temperatures mean increased water loss through evaporation which has many states, especially in the western U.S., desperate for rain as prolonged drought associated with climate change is threatening water security. Some states, like New Mexico, are challenged not only by limited water sources but also by contaminants, aging infrastructure and inadequate financial resources making safe, reliable water difficult to obtain. In combination, these risks elevate the need for innovative ideas to contend with the issues.

New Mexico’s drinking water comes primarily from groundwater sources and a limited amount of surface water. These sources are under direct threat from drought, as precipitation is necessary for recharge. While population growth is not an issue for the state with only a .64% growth rate annually, industry demands – especially agriculture – exert significant pressure on the meager resources.[1] Currently, agriculture consumes approximately 80% of the state’s freshwater, and as temperatures continue to increase, so will water demand.[2]

Agriculture not only drains water supplies, but it also is a significant contributor to contamination. Nitrates from fertilizers and waste from dairy farms seep into the ground impacting water quality.  Additionally, the state’s geology contributes natural contaminants such as fluoride and uranium.

Infrastructure throughout the state is often outdated or failing and incapable of removing contaminants. Over 80% of the water systems are considered “small,” serving between 500 and 10,000 people, and as one of the poorest states in the country, many communities are unable to assume the financial burden associated with system maintenance, repair and replacement.[3]

This year, the state passed the Regional Water System Resiliency Act which makes it easier for small regional water systems to merge to form a larger entity. As such, water systems can share resources such as personnel capable of operating and repairing systems as well as completing required compliance documentation and applications for state and federal funds. Although the financial implications will still be weighty, consolidation will alleviate some pressure and provide guidance toward long-term resiliency.

[1] “New Mexico Population 2023.” New Mexico Population 2023 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs), worldpopulationreview.com/states/new-mexico-population. Accessed 13 Sept. 2023.

[2] Food & Water Watch. “Big AG Fuels New Mexico’s Water Crisis.” Food & Water Watch, 11 Aug. 2023, www.foodandwaterwatch.org/2023/07/06/new-mexico-water-crisis/.

[3] Grover, Hannah, et al. “How NM’s Geology Can Make It Hard for Small Water Systems to Provide Safe Drinking Water.” NM Political Report, 16 Aug. 2023, nmpoliticalreport.com/2023/08/16/how-nms-geology-can-make-it-hard-for-small-water-systems-to-provide-safe-drinking-water/.